— — the city Rio looks across the water at.
“The city of São Gonçalo sits across Guanabara Bay from Rio de Janeiro, in the Brazilian state of Rio. Founded in 1579 by the Portuguese settler Gonçalo Gonçalves, it has grown into one of the largest municipalities in the state, with about a million residents. The view from the waterfront looks west to Niterói, the Rio-Niterói bridge, and the Sugarloaf silhouette beyond.
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São Gonçalo is a municipality in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region, on the eastern shore of Guanabara Bay. The city was founded on 6 April 1579 by Gonçalo Gonçalves and named for Saint Gonçalo of Amarante. With a population of roughly 1.05 million it is the second-largest municipality in the state, after the city of Rio de Janeiro itself. It borders Niterói to the west and Itaboraí to the east, and is connected to Rio across the bay by the 13-kilometre Rio-Niterói bridge.
Guanabara Bay shapes the city. The bay is roughly 412 square kilometres and was first sighted by Portuguese navigators on 1 January 1502, the day that gave Rio de Janeiro its name. São Gonçalo's western and southern edges meet the bay through estuaries and small harbours, and the water carries both a working fishing tradition and a long-running cleanup effort coordinated by the state of Rio. From the waterfront the silhouette of Sugarloaf appears across the bay, eighteen kilometres west.
São Gonçalo is reached most easily from Rio by the Rio-Niterói bridge or by ferry to Niterói and then by road. The historic centre holds the church of São Gonçalo, parts of which date to the 17th century, and the Solar dos Mellos, a colonial-era manor now serving as the city's history museum. The municipality is mostly residential and industrial rather than a tourism destination. Most visits are for family, work, or to see one specific corner of the historic centre.