— — a fortress that remembers being held.
“A city on the Bug River where Belarus meets the Polish border, three hundred and fifty kilometres southwest of Minsk. The fortress at the western edge of the city held out for weeks against the German invasion in June 1941 and was named Hero Fortress by the Soviet Union in 1965. The rail yard west of town is one of the places the world's two railway gauges meet and carriages are lifted between them.
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Brest sits at the southwestern corner of Belarus, at the confluence of the Bug and Mukhavets rivers, directly across the Bug from the Polish town of Terespol. The city is about 350 kilometres southwest of Minsk and serves as the administrative centre of Brest Region, with a population of roughly 340,000. It was first recorded as Berestye in 1019 in the Primary Chronicle, making it one of the oldest settlements in the country. The road and rail border crossing west of the centre is among the busiest between the European Union and the post-Soviet east.
Brest Fortress was built on the site of the old town between 1833 and 1842, after the medieval city was moved east to clear the riverbanks for the citadel. The Kholm Gate, pitted from rifle and shell fire, still carries the marks of the German siege that began on 22 June 1941 and lasted into the first week of July. A colossal stone head set into the cliff above the inner courtyard, titled Courage, was unveiled in 1971 as the centrepiece of the Soviet memorial complex.
The fortress is open every day, free of charge, on the western edge of the city centre, reached on foot from the railway station in about twenty minutes. The Hero-Fortress Memorial Museum sits inside the citadel and the Museum of the Defence of Brest Fortress occupies the old barracks ring. Brest is the main gateway between Belarus and the European Union by rail; the wide-gauge Soviet line ends here and the standard-gauge European line begins on the Polish bank, with carriages lifted between the two at Brest-Tsentralny station.