— — the city that still hears Mozart.
“Salzburg sits along the Salzach River where the northern Alps rise sharply out of the Bavarian plain. The baroque old town, almost untouched by wartime damage, stretches between the river and the limestone bluff of the Festungsberg, with the Hohensalzburg fortress holding the high ground above it. Mozart was born in a house on Getreidegasse in 1756, three blocks from the cathedral square.
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Salzburg is the fourth-largest city in Austria, sitting on the Salzach River at the eastern edge of the northern limestone Alps. Roughly 155,000 people live in the city. The old town, on both banks of the river, was inscribed by UNESCO in 1996 for its preserved baroque fabric. The city's wealth came from salt mining in the surrounding hills, which is also the source of its name — Salzburg, meaning Salt Castle. The Hohensalzburg fortress crowns the limestone bluff above the cathedral square.
Hohensalzburg fortress sits at 506 metres on the Festungsberg, built up across nine centuries starting in 1077 under Archbishop Gebhard. It is one of the largest fully preserved medieval castles in Europe, never taken by siege. Below it, the baroque old town reached its current form between 1600 and 1750 under three Italian-trained prince-archbishops, including Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, who commissioned the cathedral square. The Getreidegasse, the medieval shopping street, still carries its original wrought-iron guild signs above each shop.
The Salzburg Festival, Salzburger Festspiele, has run every summer since 1920, founded by Max Reinhardt, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and Richard Strauss. It is the largest classical music and opera festival in the world, running roughly six weeks from late July through August across the Großes Festspielhaus and the Felsenreitschule. Tickets sell out months in advance. The festival's opening play, Jedermann, has been staged in the cathedral square every year since 1920 except during the Second World War.