— — a wall the convicts cut from the hill they stood on.
“Six hectares of pale limestone above the Indian Ocean port of Fremantle, quarried and laid by the convicts who would live inside it. The gates closed as a working prison in 1991 and opened as a museum the next year. The cell blocks still smell faintly of lime and salt, and the yard holds the light the way only an old wall does.
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Fremantle Prison stands on a limestone ridge in the port city of Fremantle, about 19 kilometres southwest of Perth on the mouth of the Swan River. It was built between 1851 and 1859 by convicts transported from Britain under the Convict Establishment, and operated as a working prison until its closure on 8 November 1991. The site covers roughly six hectares, with the main cell block, perimeter walls, gatehouse, hospital, and women's division still intact above the harbour.
The walls were cut from the limestone hill they stand on. Convicts quarried the stone on site, dressed it, and laid it in courses that still show the chisel marks. The main cell block runs about 137 metres long across four storeys, and the perimeter wall stands roughly five metres high. The same Coogee-style limestone weathers to a soft cream in the strong Western Australian light, and the surface holds the heat of the afternoon long after the sun drops behind the harbour.
Fremantle Prison was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010 as one of eleven Australian Convict Sites. The Prison runs four main tour programs: a Doing Time day tour through the main cells, a Great Escapes tour, a Tunnels tour through the limestone aquifer below the site, and a Torchlight tour after dark. Tours leave from the gatehouse on The Terrace, a five-minute walk from Fremantle station and the Cappuccino Strip on South Terrace.