— — the church the rest of them came from.
“The mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, on the plain west of Yerevan with Mount Ararat visible across the border to the south. Founded in the early fourth century, often called the oldest cathedral in the world. The name means 'the place where the Only-Begotten descended.' Pilgrims have come here for seventeen centuries. The stone holds the quiet of all of them. from the studio
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Etchmiadzin Cathedral stands in the city of Vagharshapat, twenty kilometres west of Yerevan on the broad Ararat plain at about 853 metres of elevation. It is the principal church of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians. On clear days Mount Ararat, sacred to Armenians and now across the closed border in Turkey, rises forty kilometres to the south. The cathedral and the nearby ruins of Zvartnots were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2000.
Tradition dates the cathedral to 301 to 303 AD, when Gregory the Illuminator is said to have founded it on the spot a vision of Christ pointed out; the name Etchmiadzin means 'the Only-Begotten descended.' That makes it one of the oldest cathedrals in the world. The plan is a domed cross of tufa stone, and the surviving fabric mixes a fifth-century core, a seventh-century rebuilding under Catholicos Komitas, and later belltower and side chapels. A major restoration begun in 2018 lifted the dome and floor.
The cathedral is a working seat, not a museum. The Catholicos of All Armenians presides from here, and the most important liturgies of the Armenian church year are celebrated under its dome, including the blessing of the holy myrrh, prepared once every seven years from forty herbs and oils. Visitors are welcome between services, and the surrounding complex includes a seminary, a museum of relics, and an open courtyard of khachkars, the carved cross-stones that are an Armenian art in themselves.